Scheme-it

A Differentiator Op Amp will produce an output signal that is proportional to the rate of change of the input voltage.

The basic AC/DC power supply will rectify the AC input through the diodes, and will smooth the ripple with the capacitor C1.  

A common emitter amplifier uses voltage divider biasing across the supply to set the operating point of the transistor. It exhibits high input impedance and low output impedance. The output with be 180 degrees out of phase with the input.

The differential amplifier/subtractor will amplify the difference between the inverting and non-inverting terminals. 

The Wien Bridge Oscillator circuit is comprised of two BJT transistors where the feedback from the second is fed to the input of the first through the Wien Bridge network.

The Clapp Oscillator is essentially a modified version of the Colpitts Oscillator where a capacitive voltage divider provides the feedback. The Clapp Oscillator is typically used in receiving circuits.

The RC high pass filter will pass the higher frequencies and block the lower ones. At lower frequencies the capacitor has high reactance and blocks the input signal.  As the frequency climbs the cutoff frequency will be reached and the reactance is reduced to let the frequency pass.

The LC high pass filter will block lower frequencies and let the higher frequencies pass.  They are typically used for RF applications.

The H-Bridge circuit is primarily used for motor control.  By switching the pair of transistors that are on, you can control the direction of rotation for a DC motor.